Some forms of brain damage caused by alcohol consumption can be reversed through sobriety. However, the extent of reversibility depends on the severity and duration of alcohol abuse.

One type of brain damage associated with alcohol consumption is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) [1]. WKS is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often due to alcohol abuse. It has two distinct phases: Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute, life-threatening neurological emergency characterized by confusion, staggering, and oculomotor abnormalities. Korsakoff's psychosis is a chronic, debilitating syndrome characterized by severe memory impairment and confabulation. Although some damage caused by WKS may be irreversible, abstaining from alcohol and thiamine replacement therapy can improve symptoms and prevent further deterioration [1].

Another form of brain damage associated with alcohol consumption is cerebellar degeneration [2]. The cerebellum is a part of the brain responsible for motor coordination. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause degeneration of the cerebellum, leading to ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus. However, some studies suggest that cerebellar function can improve with abstinence from alcohol [2].

Additionally, alcohol consumption can cause brain atrophy, which is a loss of brain cells and tissue [3]. Brain atrophy can lead to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and behavioral changes. However, some studies suggest that brain atrophy can be partially reversed with abstinence from alcohol [3].

In summary, some forms of brain damage caused by alcohol consumption, such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, cerebellar degeneration, and brain atrophy, can be partially reversed with sobriety. However, the extent of reversibility depends on the severity and duration of alcohol abuse.

Sources:
[1] National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. <https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/disorders/wernicke-korsakoff-syndrome>
[2] Victor, M., & Adams, R. D. (1993). The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a clinical study of 250 cases. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54(2), 156-166.
[3] Sullivan, E. V., Deshmukh, P., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2010). Positive effects of abstinence on cognition in chronic alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(1), 105-113.
[4] DrugPatentWatch.com. Alcoholism Treatment. <https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/disease/alcoholism-treatment>